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🗣 Wd提问: MySQL Proxy

🤖 Ai回答:
MySQL Proxy: Overview and Key Solutions
MySQL itself does not include a built-in proxy feature, but third-party tools act as database proxies to enhance scalability, security, and performance、Below is a concise guide to the most common solutions:

1、ProxySQL (Recommended)
A high-performance, open-source MySQL proxy designed for query routing, load balancing, and connection pooling、
Key Features:
Read/write splitting (route writes to master, reads to slaves)、
Query caching and rewriting、
Connection pooling to reduce overhead、
Failover support and health checks、

Installation (Ubuntu Example):
bash
Add ProxySQL repository
sudo apt-get install -y curl
curl -s https://proxysql.com/repos/keys | sudo apt-key add -
echo deb https://proxysql.com/repos/ $(lsb_release -sc) main | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/proxysql.list

Install
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install proxysql

Start and enable
sudo systemctl start proxysql
sudo systemctl enable proxysql

Basic Configuration (via `proxysql-admin` or `mysql` CLI):
sql
Add a backend server (e.g., MySQL master)
INSERT INTO mysql_servers (hostgroup_id, hostname, port) VALUES (1, '192.168.1.10', 3306);

Add read-only server (e.g., slave)
INSERT INTO mysql_servers (hostgroup_id, hostname, port) VALUES (2, '192.168.1.11', 3306);

Configure read/write split (writes go to hostgroup 1, reads to 2)
INSERT INTO mysql_query_rules (rule_id, active, match_pattern, destination_hostgroup, apply)
VALUES (1, 1, '^SELECT.*', 2, 1);

Verify:
bash
mysql -u admin -padmin -h 127.0.0.1 -P 6032 ProxySQL's admin port

2、MariaDB MaxScale
A flexible database proxy developed by MariaDB for MySQL/PostgreSQL、
Supports replication, sharding, and protocol analysis、
Easier to configure than ProxySQL for basic use cases、
[Installation Guide](https://mariadb.com/docs/)

3、MySQL Proxy (Deprecated)
An older project (now abandoned) that used Lua scripts for query manipulation、Not recommended for production、

4、General Reverse Proxies (Nginx, HAProxy)
Use these for TCP-level forwarding (not SQL-aware):
Nginx: Route traffic to MySQL servers using `stream` module、
HAProxy: Configure with `mysql-check` for health checks、

Example HAProxy config:
conf
frontend mysql
bind *:3306
default_backend mysql_servers

backend mysql_servers
balance roundrobin
server master 192.168.1.10:3306 check
server slave 192.168.1.11:3306 check

When to Use a Proxy?
High availability: Automatic failover to slave if master fails、
Read scaling: Distribute read queries across multiple slaves、
Connection pooling: Reduce overhead of opening/closing connections、
Query optimization: Cache results or rewrite queries、

Key Notes
ProxySQL is the industry standard for MySQL proxies、
Avoid using HAProxy/Nginx for SQL routing (they lack query-aware features)、
Always test proxies in a staging environment before production use、

For detailed guides, refer to:
[ProxySQL Documentation](https://proxysql.com/documentation/)
[MariaDB MaxScale Tutorial](https://mariadb.com/docs/maxscale/8.0/)

Let me know if you need help with a specific setup! 😊

Ai作答

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